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Character · Individual

Achilles

Published entity metadata

Read-only identity and editorial metadata.

Canonical name
Achilles
Disambiguator
None
Kind
Character
Scope
Individual
Editorial note
No editorial note published.

Aliases

4

son of Peleus

Descriptive reference · Direct

great Achilles

Title · Direct

foremost of the Achaeans

Title · Reported

descendant of Aeacus

Descriptive reference · Direct

Location presence

Phase 6 currently covers 24 processed books.

84
·Direct

Achilles went back to the tents and ships of the Myrmidons.

See evidence text
The son of Peleus went back to his tents and ships with the son of Menoetius and his company
·Direct

Achilles was sitting at the tents and ships of the Myrmidons.

See evidence text
They found Achilles sitting by his tent and his ships
·Direct

Thetis tells Achilles to remain where he is with his ships, continuing his presence at the Myrmidon ships.

See evidence text
meanwhile stay where you are with your ships
·Direct

Achilles remained at his ships.

See evidence text
Achilles abode at his ships
·Direct

Achilles stays by the ships of the Myrmidons.

See evidence text
Achilles stayed by his ships
·Direct

Achilles holds aloof at the ships of the Myrmidons.

See evidence text
Achilles was now holding aloof at his ships
·Direct

Achilles is physically present among the ships and tents of the Myrmidons, playing his lyre.

See evidence text
When they reached the ships and tents of the Myrmidons, they found Achilles playing on a lyre, fair, of cunning workmanship, and its cross-bar was of silver.
·Direct

Achilles states that he is physically at his ships among the Myrmidon encampment.

See evidence text
I have honour from Jove himself, which will abide with me at my ships while I have breath in my body, and my limbs are strong.
·Direct

Achilles moves among the Myrmidon tents and stands among the gathered leaders.

See evidence text
Meanwhile Achilles went about everywhere among the tents, and bade his Myrmidons put on their armour. Even as fierce ravening wolves that are feasting upon a homed stag which they have killed upon the mountains, and their jaws are red with blood—they go in a pack to lap water from the clear spring with their long thin tongues; and they reek of blood and slaughter; they know not what fear is, for it is hunger drives them—even so did the leaders and counsellors of the Myrmidons gather round the good squire of the fleet descendant of Aeacus, and among them stood Achilles himself cheering on both men and horses
·Direct

Achilles states that he will remain where his ships lie.

See evidence text
I shall stay here where my ships are lying, but I shall send my comrade into battle
·Direct

Achilles is found sitting beside his tall ships.

See evidence text
Meanwhile the fleet runner Antilochus, who had been sent as messenger, reached Achilles, and found him sitting by his tall ships
·Direct

Achilles lies at the place where the Myrmidon ships and his tents are drawn up.

See evidence text
When they reached the rich plain of Troy, they came up out of the sea in a long line on to the sands, at the place where the ships of the Myrmidons were drawn up in close order round the tents of Achilles. His mother went up to him as he lay groaning
·Direct

Achilles states that he remains beside his ships.

See evidence text
I stay here by my ships a bootless burden upon the earth
·Direct

Thetis finds Achilles at the ships, fallen about Patroclus’s body and weeping.

See evidence text
Thetis reached the ships with the armour that the god had given her. She found her son fallen about the body of Patroclus and weeping bitterly.
·Direct

Jove observes Achilles sitting desolate by the ships.

See evidence text
There he sits by the ships all desolate for the loss of his dear comrade, and though the others are gone to their dinner he will neither eat nor drink.
·Remembered

Achilles recalls that he had remained behind at the Myrmidon ships when Hector spoiled Patroclus.

See evidence text
Hector fell headlong, and Achilles vaunted over him saying, ‘Hector, you deemed that you should come off scatheless when you were spoiling Patroclus, and recked not of myself who was not with him. Fool that you were: for I, his comrade, mightier far than he, was still left behind him at the ships
·Direct

Achilles was grieving at his tents.

See evidence text
She went to her son’s tents where she found him grieving bitterly, while his trusty comrades round him were busy preparing their morning meal, for which they had killed a great woolly sheep
·Direct

Achilles spoke with Thetis at the ships.

See evidence text
Thus did mother and son talk together at the ships in long discourse with one another
Thebe2 observations
·Remembered

Achilles recalls that he went with the raiding party to Thebe and sacked it.

See evidence text
We went to Thebe the strong city of Eetion, sacked it
·Remembered

Andromache recalls Achilles physically sacking Thebe and slaying Eetion there.

See evidence text
Achilles slew my father when he sacked Thebe the goodly city of the Cilicians. He slew him
tent of Achilles10 observations
·Direct

Achilles is physically present under his own roof in his tent as he receives the envoys.

See evidence text
With this he led them forward, and bade them sit on seats covered with purple rugs; then he said to Patroclus who was close by him, ‘Son of Menoetius, set a larger bowl upon the table, mix less water with the wine, and give every man his cup, for these are very dear friends, who are now under my roof.’
·Direct

Achilles is physically present in his tent as Ulysses addresses him “here.”

See evidence text
‘Hail,’ said he, ‘Achilles, we have had no scant of good cheer, neither in the tent of Agamemnon, nor yet here; there has been plenty to eat and drink, but our thought turns upon no such matter.
·Direct

Achilles is physically present beneath his own roof while receiving the envoys.

See evidence text
Be then of a more gracious mind, respect the hospitality of your own roof. We are with you as messengers from the host of the Danaans, and would fain he held nearest and dearest to yourself of all the Achaeans.
·Direct

Achilles goes inside his tent and opens the chest there.

See evidence text
Then Achilles went inside his tent and opened the lid of the strong chest
·Direct

Achilles goes inside his tent to return the cup.

See evidence text
Achilles went inside his tent and put back the cup into his chest
·Direct

Achilles went back into his tent after circling the tomb.

See evidence text
Thrice did he drag it round the tomb of the son of Menoetius, and then went back into his tent
·Direct

Achilles was sitting inside his house.

See evidence text
The old man went straight into the house where Achilles, loved of the gods, was sitting. There he found him with his men seated at a distance from him: only two, the hero Automedon, and Alcimus of the race of Mars, were busy in attendance about his person
·Direct

Achilles wept with Priam inside the house.

See evidence text
The two wept bitterly—Priam, as he lay at Achilles’ feet, weeping for Hector, and Achilles now for his father and now for Patroclous, till the house was filled with their lamentation
·Direct

Achilles passed through the door of his house to unload Priam’s convoy.

See evidence text
Then the son of Peleus sprang like a lion through the door of his house, not alone, but with him went his two squires Automedon and Alcimus
·Direct

Achilles went back into his tent and sat down.

See evidence text
Achilles then went back into the tent and took his place on the richly inlaid seat from which he had risen, by the wall that was at right angles to the one against which Priam was sitting
Phthia1 observation
·Remembered

Achilles recalls being physically at home in Phthia.

See evidence text
Many a time was I minded when at home in Phthia to woo and wed a woman who would make me a suitable wife, and to enjoy the riches of my old father Peleus.
Ida3 observations
·Remembered

Achilles was physically in the glades of Ida during the remembered capture.

See evidence text
He then went on to kill Isus and Antiphus two sons of Priam, the one a bastard, the other born in wedlock; they were in the same chariot—the bastard driving, while noble Antiphus fought beside him. Achilles had once taken both of them prisoners in the glades of Ida
·Remembered

Aeneas recalls Achilles attacking him and his cattle at Ida.

See evidence text
His spear has already put me to Right from Ida, when he attacked our cattle
·Remembered

Achilles recalls chasing Aeneas down the slopes of Ida.

See evidence text
Have you forgotten how when you were alone I chased you from your herds helter-skelter down the slopes of Ida
Tenedos1 observation
·Remembered

Achilles was physically present at Tenedos when he took it.

See evidence text
Fair Hecamede, whom Nestor had had awarded to him from Tenedos when Achilles took it
plain of Troy8 observations
·Direct

Achilles lies at the place on the plain of Troy where his mother goes up to him.

See evidence text
When they reached the rich plain of Troy, they came up out of the sea in a long line on to the sands, at the place where the ships of the Myrmidons were drawn up in close order round the tents of Achilles. His mother went up to him as he lay groaning
·Direct

Achilles meets Aeneas between the hosts on the plain of Troy.

See evidence text
Meanwhile the whole plain was alive with men and horses, and blazing with the gleam of armour. The earth rang again under the tramp of their feet as they rushed towards each other, and two champions, by far the foremost of them all, met between the hosts to fight—to wit, Aeneas son of Anchises, and noble Achilles
·Direct

Achilles escapes from Xanthus and flees across the plain of Troy.

See evidence text
Achilles struggled out of the stream, and fled full speed over the plain
·Direct

Achilles flees over the plain of Troy while Xanthus pursues him.

See evidence text
He fled on in front, but the river with a loud roar came tearing after
·Direct

Achilles advances across the flooded plain of Troy.

See evidence text
Achilles strove onward over the plain
·Hypothetical

Agenor imagines Achilles pursuing him across the plain of Troy.

See evidence text
he would see me as I am hurrying from the city over the plain, and would speed after me till he had caught me
·Direct

Achilles pursues the disguised Apollo over the corn lands of the plain of Troy.

See evidence text
pursued him over the corn lands of the plain
·Direct

Achilles sped across the plain of Troy toward the city.

See evidence text
On this, with fell intent he made towards the city, and as the winning horse in a chariot race strains every nerve when he is flying over the plain, even so fast and furiously did the limbs of Achilles bear him onwards. King Priam was first to note him as he scoured the plain
Achaeans’ trench3 observations
·Direct

Achilles stands beside the Achaeans’ trench.

See evidence text
Achilles dear to Jove arose, and Minerva flung her tasselled aegis round his strong shoulders; she crowned his head with a halo of golden cloud from which she kindled a glow of gleaming fire. As the smoke that goes up into heaven from some city that is being beleaguered on an island far out at sea—all day long do men sally from the city and fight their hardest, and at the going down of the sun the line of beacon-fires blazes forth, flaring high for those that dwell near them to behold, if so be that they may come with their ships and succour them—even so did the light flare from the head of Achilles, as he stood by the trench
·Direct

Achilles continues standing there at the trench established immediately before.

See evidence text
There did he stand and shout aloud
·Direct

Achilles repeatedly cries out while standing beside the Achaeans’ trench.

See evidence text
Achilles raise his loud cry as he stood by the trench
Lyrnessus4 observations
·Remembered

Achilles recalls having sacked Lyrnessus.

See evidence text
when we two were in such high anger about Briseis, surely it would have been better, had Diana’s arrow slain her at the ships on the day when I took her after having sacked Lyrnessus.
·Remembered

Briseis recalls Achilles sacking the city of noble Mynes, Lyrnessus.

See evidence text
but you, Patroclus, even when Achilles slew my husband and sacked the city of noble Mynes, told me that I was not to weep,
·Remembered

Aeneas recalls Achilles sacking Lyrnessus.

See evidence text
when he attacked our cattle and sacked Lyrnessus and Pedasus
·Remembered

Achilles recalls attacking and sacking Lyrnessus.

See evidence text
You did not turn round to look behind you; you took refuge in Lyrnessus, but I attacked the city, and with the help of Minerva and father Jove I sacked it
Troy4 observations
·Direct

Achilles states that he is fighting here at Troy in a strange land.

See evidence text
who am here fighting the Trojans in a strange land for the accursed sake of Helen, nor yet though I should hear that my son is no more—he who is being brought up in Scyros—if indeed Neoptolemus is still living. Till now I made sure that I alone was to fall here at Troy away from Argos,
·Direct

Achilles holds Lycaon in his power before the city of Ilius.

See evidence text
those whom heaven delivers into my hands before the city of Ilius
·Direct

Achilles is before Ilius where Agenor challenges him.

See evidence text
to defend Ilius. Here therefore, huge and mighty warrior though you be, here shall you die
·Direct

Achilles said that he must remain here at Troy.

See evidence text
I must stay here at Troy
Pedasus1 observation
·Remembered

Aeneas recalls Achilles sacking Pedasus.

See evidence text
when he attacked our cattle and sacked Lyrnessus and Pedasus
Xanthus11 observations
·Direct

Achilles is at the ford of Xanthus when he divides the opposing forces.

See evidence text
when they came to the ford of the full-flowing river Xanthus, begotten of immortal Jove, Achilles cut their forces in two
·Direct

Achilles plunges into Xanthus.

See evidence text
plunged into the river like a god, armed with his sword only
·Direct

Achilles finds Lycaon as Lycaon escapes from Xanthus.

See evidence text
There he found Lycaon, son of Priam seed of Dardanus, as he was escaping out of the water
·Direct

Achilles is killing youths within the waters of Xanthus.

See evidence text
the death of the youths whom Achilles was slaying ruthlessly within his waters
·Direct

Achilles fights Asteropaeus at the steep bank of Xanthus.

See evidence text
Achilles, fain to kill him, hurled his spear at Asteropaeus, but failed to hit him and struck the steep bank of the river
·Direct

Achilles remains at the bank of Xanthus while recovering his spear.

See evidence text
With this he drew his bronze spear out of the bank
·Direct

Achilles springs into the midstream of Xanthus.

See evidence text
Achilles sprang from the bank into midstream
·Direct

The pursuing waters of Xanthus repeatedly overtake Achilles on the plain.

See evidence text
the mighty wave come beating down upon his shoulders
·Direct

Achilles is trapped in the pursuing waters of Xanthus.

See evidence text
save me from the river
·Direct

Achilles is at Xanthus when Neptune and Minerva take him by the hand.

See evidence text
Neptune and Minerva came up to him in the likeness of two men, and took him by the hand
·Direct

Achilles is directly threatened by the raised flood of Xanthus.

See evidence text
he upraised his tumultuous flood high against Achilles
wall of Ilius6 observations
·Hypothetical

Achilles reports a prophecy placing his future death under the wall of Ilius.

See evidence text
She told me I was to fall under the walls of Troy by the flying arrows of Apollo
·Direct

Achilles is outside and below the wall of Ilius as Priam watches him from its tower.

See evidence text
Old King Priam stood on a high tower of the wall looking down on huge Achilles as the Trojans fled panic-stricken before him
·Direct

Achilles pursued Hector beneath the Trojan wall.

See evidence text
Fear fell upon Hector as he beheld him, and he dared not stay longer where he was but fled in dismay from before the gates, while Achilles darted after him at his utmost speed. As a mountain falcon, swiftest of all birds, swoops down upon some cowering dove—the dove flies before him but the falcon with a shrill scream follows close after, resolved to have her—even so did Achilles make straight for Hector with all his might, while Hector fled under the Trojan wall as fast as his limbs could take him
·Direct

Achilles was one of the two men running hard by under the wall of Ilius.

See evidence text
On they flew along the waggon-road that ran hard by under the wall
·Reported

Jove reports seeing Achilles pursuing Hector around the walls of Troy.

See evidence text
my eyes behold a man who is dear to me being pursued round the walls of Troy; my heart is full of pity for Hector, who has burned the thigh-bones of many a heifer in my honour, one while on the crests of manyvalleyed Ida, and again on the citadel of Troy; and now I see noble Achilles in full pursuit of him round the city of Priam
·Hypothetical

Patroclus foretells Achilles dying beneath the Trojan wall.

See evidence text
you too Achilles, peer of gods, are doomed to die beneath the wall of the noble Trojans.
Scamander1 observation
·Direct

Achilles remains in the path of Scamander’s pursuing flood.

See evidence text
Scamander did not slacken in his pursuit, but was still more furious with the son of Peleus
·Direct

Achilles was one of the two runners who came to the cold spring feeding Scamander.

See evidence text
On they flew along the waggon-road that ran hard by under the wall, past the lookout station, and past the weather-beaten wild fig-tree, till they came to two fair springs which feed the river Scamander. One of these two springs is warm, and steam rises from it as smoke from a burning fire, but the other even in summer is as cold as hail or snow, or the ice that forms on water
·Direct

Achilles was nearing the cold spring feeding Scamander for the fourth time.

See evidence text
Then, at last, as they were nearing the fountains for the fourth time
·Direct

Achilles was one of the two runners who came to the warm spring feeding Scamander.

See evidence text
On they flew along the waggon-road that ran hard by under the wall, past the lookout station, and past the weather-beaten wild fig-tree, till they came to two fair springs which feed the river Scamander. One of these two springs is warm
·Direct

Achilles was nearing the warm spring feeding Scamander for the fourth time.

See evidence text
Then, at last, as they were nearing the fountains for the fourth time
Scaean gates1 observation
·Hypothetical

Hector foretells that Achilles will be slain at the Scaean gates.

See evidence text
on the day when Paris and Phoebus Apollo, valiant though you be, shall slay you at the Scaean gates
Hades1 observation
·Hypothetical

Achilles says that even when he is in Hades he will not forget Patroclus.

See evidence text
When Achilles had done spoiling Hector of his armour, he stood among the Argives and said, ‘My friends, princes and counsellors of the Argives, now that heaven has vouchsafed us to overcome this man, who has done us more hurt than all the others together, consider whether we should not attack the city in force, and discover in what mind the Trojans may be. We should thus learn whether they will desert their city now that Hector has fallen, or will still hold out even though he is no longer living. But why argue with myself in this way, while Patroclus is still lying at the ships unburied, and unmourned—he whom I can never forget so long as I am alive and my strength fails not? Though men forget their dead when once they are within the house of Hades, yet not even there will I forget the comrade whom I have lost
Spercheius1 observation
·Hypothetical

Peleus’s unfulfilled vow envisioned Achilles returning and sacrificing at the springs of Spercheius.

See evidence text
Achilles then bethought him of another matter. He went a space away from the pyre, and cut off the yellow lock which he had let grow for the river Spercheius. He looked all sorrowfully out upon the dark sea, and said, ‘Spercheius, in vain did my father Peleus vow to you that when I returned home to my loved native land I should cut off this lock and offer you a holy hecatomb; fifty she-goats was I to sacrifice to you there at your springs
tomb of Patroclus4 observations
·Direct

Achilles dragged Hector around Patroclus’ tomb.

See evidence text
There they made ready their supper, and then bethought them of the blessed boon of sleep; but Achilles still wept for thinking of his dear comrade, and sleep, before whom all things bow, could take no hold upon him. This way and that did he turn as he yearned after the might and manfulness of Patroclus; he thought of all they had done together, and all they had gone through both on the field of battle and on the waves of the weary sea. As he dwelt on these things he wept bitterly and lay now on his side, now on his back, and now face downwards, till at last he rose and went out as one distraught to wander upon the seashore. Then, when he saw dawn breaking over beach and sea, he yoked his horses to his chariot, and bound the body of Hector behind it that he might drag it about. Thrice did he drag it round the tomb of the son of Menoetius
·Reported

Apollo reported Achilles dragging Hector around Patroclus’ tomb.

See evidence text
whereas Achilles, now that he has slain noble Hector, drags him behind his chariot round the tomb of his comrade
·Reported

Mercury reported Achilles dragging Hector around Patroclus’ sepulchre.

See evidence text
At daybreak Achilles drags him cruelly round the sepulchre of his dear comrade
·Remembered

Hecuba remembered Achilles dragging Hector around Patroclus’ sepulchre.

See evidence text
for when Achilles took any other of my sons, he would sell him beyond the seas, to Samos Imbrus or rugged Lemnos; and when he had slain you too with his sword, many a time did he drag you round the sepulchre of his comrade

Claims

205
·Direct

Achilles’s anger brings countless suffering on the Achaeans and begins with his rupture with Agamemnon.

See evidence text
the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Jove fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another.
·Direct

Moved by Juno, Achilles calls the Achaeans to assembly on the tenth day.

See evidence text
upon the tenth day Achilles called them in assembly—moved thereto by Juno, who saw the Achaeans in their death-throes and had compassion upon them. Then, when they were got together, he rose and spoke among them.
·Direct

Achilles counsels retreat from simultaneous war and pestilence and urges consultation of a priest, prophet, or dream-reader to learn how Apollo might be appeased.

See evidence text
‘Son of Atreus,’ said he, ‘I deem that we should now turn roving home if we would escape destruction, for we are being cut down by war and pestilence at once. Let us ask some priest or prophet, or some reader of dreams (for dreams, too, are of Jove) who can tell us why Phoebus Apollo is so angry, and say whether it is for some vow that we have broken, or hecatomb that we have not offered, and whether he will accept the savour of lambs and goats without blemish, so as to take away the plague from us.’
·Direct

Achilles swears that while he lives no Danaan at the ships—not even Agamemnon—will lay a hand on Calchas.

See evidence text
Fear not, but speak as it is borne in upon you from heaven, for by Apollo, Calchas, to whom you pray, and whose oracles you reveal to us, not a Danaan at our ships shall lay his hand upon you, while I yet live to look upon the face of the earth—no, not though you name Agamemnon himself
·Direct

Achilles calls Agamemnon uniquely covetous and urges him to return Chryseis now in hope of later recompense if Troy falls.

See evidence text
‘Most noble son of Atreus, covetous beyond all mankind, how shall the Achaeans find you another prize? We have no common store from which to take one. Those we took from the cities have been awarded; we cannot disallow the awards that have been made already. Give this girl, therefore, to the god, and if ever Jove grants us to sack the city of Troy we will requite you three and fourfold.’
·Direct

Achilles scowls, denounces Agamemnon’s greed and unequal rewards, recalls bearing the harder fighting for another’s cause, and resolves to return dishonoured to Phthia.

See evidence text
Achilles scowled at him and answered, ‘You are steeped in insolence and lust of gain. With what heart can any of the Achaeans do your bidding, either on foray or in open fighting? I came not warring here for any ill the Trojans had done me. I have no quarrel with them. They have not raided my cattle nor my horses, nor cut down my harvests on the rich plains of Phthia; for between me and them there is a great space, both mountain and sounding sea. We have followed you, Sir Insolence! for your pleasure, not ours—to gain satisfaction from the Trojans for your shameless self and for Menelaus. You forget this, and threaten to rob me of the prize for which I have toiled, and which the sons of the Achaeans have given me. Never when the Achaeans sack any rich city of the Trojans do I receive so good a prize as you do, though it is my hands that do the better part of the fighting. When the sharing comes, your share is far the largest, and I, forsooth, must go back to my ships, take what I can get and be thankful, when my labour of fighting is done. Now, therefore, I shall go back to Phthia; it will be much better for me to return home with my ships, for I will not stay here dishonoured to gather gold and substance for you.’
·Reported

Agamemnon acknowledges Achilles as brave by heaven’s gift and lord of the Myrmidons, while branding him hateful, quarrelsome, and ill-affected.

See evidence text
There is no king here so hateful to me as you are, for you are ever quarrelsome and illaffected. What though you be brave? Was it not heaven that made you so? Go home, then, with your ships and comrades to lord it over the Myrmidons
·Direct

Furious and divided between murder and restraint, shaggy-breasted Achilles begins drawing his mighty sword before Minerva seizes his yellow hair; amazed, he recognizes her by her flashing eyes.

See evidence text
The son of Peleus was furious, and his heart within his shaggy breast was divided whether to draw his sword, push the others aside, and kill the son of Atreus, or to restrain himself and check his anger. While he was thus in two minds, and was drawing his mighty sword from its scabbard, Minerva came down from heaven (for Juno had sent her in the love she bore to them both), and seized the son of Peleus by his yellow hair, visible to him alone, for of the others no man could see her. Achilles turned in amaze, and by the fire that flashed from her eyes at once knew that she was Minerva.
·Direct

Achilles accepts divine restraint despite his anger, declaring obedience to the goddesses best.

See evidence text
however angry a man may be, he must do as you two command him. This will be best
·Direct

Achilles stops his hand on the sword’s silver hilt and thrusts the weapon back into its scabbard in obedience to Minerva.

See evidence text
He stayed his hand on the silver hilt of his sword, and thrust it back into the scabbard as Minerva bade him.
·Direct

Still enraged, Achilles savages Agamemnon as cowardly and predatory, swears by his stripped sceptre that the Achaeans will miss him, and predicts anguish when Hector kills them.

See evidence text
But the son of Peleus again began railing at the son of Atreus, for he was still in a rage. ‘Wine-bibber,’ he cried, ‘with the face of a dog and the heart of a hind, you never dare to go out with the host in fight, nor yet with our chosen men in ambuscade. You shun this as you do death itself. You had rather go round and rob his prizes from any man who contradicts you. You devour your people, for you are king over a feeble folk; otherwise, son of Atreus, henceforward you would insult no man. Therefore I say, and swear it with a great oath—nay, by this my sceptre which shalt sprout neither leaf nor shoot, nor bud anew from the day on which it left its parent stem upon the mountains—for the axe stripped it of leaf and bark, and now the sons of the Achaeans bear it as judges and guardians of the decrees of heaven—so surely and solemnly do I swear that hereafter they shall look fondly for Achilles and shall not find him. In the day of your distress, when your men fall dying by the murderous hand of Hector, you shall not know how to help them, and shall rend your heart with rage for the hour when you offered insult to the bravest of the Achaeans.’
·Direct

Achilles dashes his gold-studded sceptre to the ground and sits.

See evidence text
the son of Peleus dashed his gold-bestudded sceptre on the ground and took his seat
·Reported

Nestor calls Achilles strong, goddess-born, and a tower of strength to the Achaeans in battle.

See evidence text
You are strong, and have a goddess for your mother; but Agamemnon is stronger than you, for he has more people under him. Son of Atreus, check your anger, I implore you; end this quarrel with Achilles, who in the day of battle is a tower of strength to the Achaeans.’
·Direct

Achilles refuses further obedience, disclaims fighting over Briseis, defends all other possessions at his ship, and threatens to redden his spear with an aggressor’s blood.

See evidence text
‘I should be a mean coward,’ he cried, ‘were I to give in to you in all things. Order other people about, not me, for I shall obey no longer. Furthermore I say—and lay my saying to your heart—I shall fight neither you nor any man about this girl, for those that take were those also that gave. But of all else that is at my ship you shall carry away nothing by force. Try, that others may see; if you do, my spear shall be reddened with your blood.’
·Direct

Achilles receives the fearful heralds without blame, recognizes Agamemnon as the true offender, and calls them to witness that his aid will later be missed.

See evidence text
They found Achilles sitting by his tent and his ships, and illpleased he was when he beheld them. They stood fearfully and reverently before him, and never a word did they speak, but he knew them and said, ‘Welcome, heralds, messengers of gods and men; draw near; my quarrel is not with you but with Agamemnon who has sent you for the girl Briseis. Therefore, Patroclus, bring her and give her to them, but let them be witnesses by the blessed gods, by mortal men, and by the fierceness of Agamemnon’s anger, that if ever again there be need of me to save the people from ruin, they shall seek and they shall not find. Agamemnon is mad with rage and knows not how to look before and after that the Achaeans may fight by their ships in safety.’
·Direct

Achilles withdraws alone to the hoar sea, weeping toward the boundless waters with raised hands, and laments his short, dishonoured life to his immortal mother.

See evidence text
Then Achilles went all alone by the side of the hoar sea, weeping and looking out upon the boundless waste of waters. He raised his hands in prayer to his immortal mother, ‘Mother,’ he cried, ‘you bore me doomed to live but for a little season; surely Jove, who thunders from Olympus, might have made that little glorious. It is not so. Agamemnon, son of Atreus, has done me dishonour, and has robbed me of my prize by force.’
·Direct

Achilles stands weeping aloud as his mother rises like grey mist from the sea and sits before him.

See evidence text
As he spoke he wept aloud, and his mother heard him where she was sitting in the depths of the sea hard by the old man her father. Forthwith she rose as it were a grey mist out of the waves, sat down before him as he stood weeping
·Remembered

Achilles remembers joining the sack of strong Thebe, bringing away its spoil, and the Achaeans choosing lovely Chryseis as Agamemnon’s prize.

See evidence text
We went to Thebe the strong city of Eetion, sacked it, and brought hither the spoil. The sons of the Achaeans shared it duly among themselves, and chose lovely Chryseis as the meed of Agamemnon; but Chryses, priest of Apollo, came to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo, wreathed with a suppliant’s wreath, and he besought the Achaeans, but most of all the two sons of Atreus who were their chiefs.
·Remembered

Achilles remembers being first to urge appeasement after Apollo’s lethal plague and then suffering Agamemnon’s fulfilled threat.

See evidence text
At last a seer in the fulness of his knowledge declared to us the oracles of Apollo, and I was myself first to say that we should appease him. Whereon the son of Atreus rose in anger, and threatened that which he has since done.
·Reported

Thetis tells Achilles that he is short of life and long of sorrow above his peers, and instructs him to remain by the ships nursing his anger and abstaining from battle.

See evidence text
Would indeed that you had lived your span free from all sorrow at your ships, for it is all too brief; alas, that you should be at once short of life and long of sorrow above your peers: woe, therefore, was the hour in which I bore you; nevertheless I will go to the snowy heights of Olympus, and tell this tale to Jove, if he will hear our prayer: meanwhile stay where you are with your ships, nurse your anger against the Achaeans, and hold aloof from fight.

Additional evidence

Evidence records not already represented by a claim.

15
·Direct
Achilles son of Peleus
·Direct
Achilles was now holding aloof at his ships
·Direct
towards those of Achilles
·Direct
angered Achilles by taking the girl Briseis
·Direct
those of Achilles
·Direct
fleet Achilles
·Reported
like Achilles
·Direct
I must make all speed to Achilles, and induce him to fight if I can
·Direct
Meanwhile Achilles did not know that he had fallen
·Direct
the armour before Achilles
·Direct
son of Peleus
·Direct
Achilles raised his spear of Pelian ash
·Direct
even so fast and furiously did the limbs of Achilles bear him onwards
·Direct
Achilles would not let the Myrmidons go
·Direct
Achilles still wept for thinking of his dear comrade

Passage preview

Book 1 · Passage 1

Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Jove fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another.