All entities

Character · Individual

Priam

Published entity metadata

Read-only identity and editorial metadata.

Canonical name
Priam
Disambiguator
None
Kind
Character
Scope
Individual
Editorial note
No editorial note published.

Aliases

4

King Priam

Title · Hypothetical

Son of Laomedon

Descriptive reference · Direct

descendant of Dardanus

Descriptive reference · Direct

son of Dardanus

Descriptive reference · Direct

Location presence

Phase 6 currently covers 24 processed books.

29
Scaean gates2 observations
·Direct

Priam was seated by the Scaean gates.

See evidence text
The two sages, Ucalegon and Antenor, elders of the people, were seated by the Scaean gates, with Priam, Panthous, Thymoetes, Lampus, Clytius, and Hiketaon of the race of Mars.
·Direct

Priam passed through the Scaean gates during the completed chariot journey onto the plain.

See evidence text
The old man trembled as he heard, but bade his followers yoke the horses, and they made all haste to do so. He mounted the chariot, gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor took his seat beside him; they then drove through the Scaean gates on to the plain.
Phrygia1 observation
·Remembered

Priam recalls being in Phrygia when he saw the encamped horsemen.

See evidence text
When I was in Phrygia I saw much horsemen, the people of Otreus and of Mygdon, who were camping upon the banks of the river Sangarius;
plain of Troy3 observations
·Direct

Priam reached the plain in the completed chariot journey.

See evidence text
The old man trembled as he heard, but bade his followers yoke the horses, and they made all haste to do so. He mounted the chariot, gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor took his seat beside him; they then drove through the Scaean gates on to the plain.
·Direct

Priam drove from the city and reached the plain.

See evidence text
The old man made haste to mount his chariot, and drove out through the inner gateway and under the echoing gatehouse of the outer court. Before him went the mules drawing the four-wheeled waggon, and driven by wise Idaeus; behind these were the horses, which the old man lashed with his whip and drove swiftly through the city, while his friends followed after, wailing and lamenting for him as though he were on his road to death. As soon as they had come down from the city and had reached the plain
·Direct

Priam traveled out on the plain.

See evidence text
But Priam and Idaeus as they showed out upon the plain
Troy5 observations
·Direct

Priam reached Ilius in the completed return journey.

See evidence text
On this he laid the two lambs on his chariot and took his seat. He gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor sat beside him; the two then went back to Ilius.
·Direct

Priam called from within Troy for Hector to come inside the walls.

See evidence text
Priam raised a cry and beat his head with his hands as he lifted them up and shouted out to his dear son, imploring him to return; but Hector still stayed before the gates, for his heart was set upon doing battle with Achilles. The old man reached out his arms towards him and bade him for pity’s sake come within the walls
·Direct

Priam remained inside Troy while he and Hecuba implored Hector to come within the wall.

See evidence text
The old man tore his grey hair as he spoke, but he moved not the heart of Hector. His mother hard by wept and moaned aloud as she bared her bosom and pointed to the breast which had suckled him. ‘Hector,’ she cried, weeping bitterly the while, ‘Hector, my son, spurn not this breast, but have pity upon me too: if I have ever given you comfort from my own bosom, think on it now, dear son, and come within the wall to protect us from this man; stand not without to meet him
·Direct

Priam remained within Troy while the people restrained him from rushing outside the city gates.

See evidence text
Hardly could the people hold Priam back in his hot haste to rush without the gates of the city
·Direct

Priam drove through Troy before reaching the plain.

See evidence text
The old man made haste to mount his chariot, and drove out through the inner gateway and under the echoing gatehouse of the outer court. Before him went the mules drawing the four-wheeled waggon, and driven by wise Idaeus; behind these were the horses, which the old man lashed with his whip and drove swiftly through the city, while his friends followed after, wailing and lamenting for him as though he were on his road to death. As soon as they had come down from the city and had reached the plain
wall of Ilius1 observation
·Direct

Priam stands on a high tower of the wall of Ilius.

See evidence text
Old King Priam stood on a high tower of the wall looking down on huge Achilles
Hades1 observation
·Hypothetical

Priam says that his sorrow will bring him down to Hades.

See evidence text
the bitterness of my sorrow will bring me down to the house of Hades
palace of Priam2 observations
·Direct

Priam heard Hecuba’s appeal with her in their own house.

See evidence text
Let us then weep Hector from afar here in our own house
·Direct

Priam attended the yoking of the cars at the palace.

See evidence text
Thus heedfully did Priam and his servant see to the yolking of their cars at the palace
·Direct

Priam drove past the great tomb of Ilius.

See evidence text
Now when Priam and Idaeus had driven past the great tomb of Ilius, they stayed their mules and horses that they might drink in the river
Achaeans’ trench1 observation
·Direct

Priam reached the Achaeans’ trench with the convoy.

See evidence text
The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships
·Direct

Mercury took Priam inside through the gates of the Achaean wall.

See evidence text
The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships, those who were on guard had just been getting their suppers, and the slayer of Argus threw them all into a deep sleep. Then he drew back the bolts to open the gates, and took Priam inside with the treasure he had upon his waggon
·Direct

Priam reached the great wall of the Achaeans with the convoy.

See evidence text
The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships
tent of Achilles5 observations
·Direct

Priam reached the dwelling of Achilles.

See evidence text
The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships, those who were on guard had just been getting their suppers, and the slayer of Argus threw them all into a deep sleep. Then he drew back the bolts to open the gates, and took Priam inside with the treasure he had upon his waggon. Ere long they came to the lofty dwelling of the son of Peleus for which the Myrmidons had cut pine and which they had built for their king; when they had built it they thatched it with coarse tussock-grass which they had mown out on the plain, and all round it they made a large courtyard, which was fenced with stakes set close together. The gate was barred with a single bolt of pine which it took three men to force into its place, and three to draw back so as to open the gate, but Achilles could draw it by himself. Mercury opened the gate for the old man, and brought in the treasure that he was taking with him for the son of Peleus. Then he sprang from the chariot on to the ground
·Direct

Priam entered Achilles’s house.

See evidence text
The old man went straight into the house where Achilles, loved of the gods, was sitting. There he found him with his men seated at a distance from him: only two, the hero Automedon, and Alcimus of the race of Mars, were busy in attendance about his person
·Direct

Priam lay at Achilles’s feet inside the house.

See evidence text
The two wept bitterly—Priam, as he lay at Achilles’ feet, weeping for Hector, and Achilles now for his father and now for Patroclous, till the house was filled with their lamentation
·Direct

Achilles stated that Priam had been brought within Achilles’s tents.

See evidence text
some god has brought you to the ships of the Achaeans, for else, no man however strong and in his prime would dare to come to our host; he could neither pass our guard unseen, nor draw the bolt of my gates thus easily; therefore, provoke me no further, lest I sin against the word of Jove, and suffer you not, suppliant though you are, within my tents
·Direct

Priam was sitting inside Achilles’s tent.

See evidence text
Achilles then went back into the tent and took his place on the richly inlaid seat from which he had risen, by the wall that was at right angles to the one against which Priam was sitting
·Direct

Priam stated that he had now come to the Achaean ships.

See evidence text
I am now come to the ships of the Achaeans
·Direct

Achilles stated that Priam had been brought within ships of the Achaeans.

See evidence text
some god has brought you to the ships of the Achaeans, for else, no man however strong and in his prime would dare to come to our host; he could neither pass our guard unseen, nor draw the bolt of my gates thus easily; therefore, provoke me no further, lest I sin against the word of Jove, and suffer you not, suppliant though you are, within my tents
·Direct

Priam was sleeping at the ships before departure.

See evidence text
Mercury alone, the bringer of good luck, sleep could take no hold for he was thinking all the time how to get King Priam away from the ships
·Remembered

Priam recalled being dismissed from the ships.

See evidence text
Achilles when he dismissed me from the ships
Xanthus1 observation
·Direct

Priam reached the ford of Xanthus in his convoy.

See evidence text
When he heard this the old man was afraid and roused his servant. Mercury then yoked their horses and mules, and drove them quickly through the host so that no man perceived them. When they came to the ford of eddying Xanthus

Claims

32
·Reported

Menelaus demands that Priam swear personally, contrasting the old man’s foresight with the light minds and untrustworthiness he attributes to Priam’s sons.

See evidence text
you shall bid Priam come, that he may swear to the covenant himself; for his sons are high-handed and ill to trust, and the oaths of Jove must not be transgressed or taken in vain. Young men’s minds are light as air, but when an old man comes he looks before and after, deeming that which shall be fairest upon both sides
·Direct

Priam is among the men seated by the Scaean gates who are collectively described as too old to fight and fluent orators, sitting on the tower like delicately chirping cicales.

See evidence text
The two sages, Ucalegon and Antenor, elders of the people, were seated by the Scaean gates, with Priam, Panthous, Thymoetes, Lampus, Clytius, and Hiketaon of the race of Mars. These were too old to fight, but they were fluent orators, and sat on the tower like cicales that chirrup delicately from the boughs of some high tree in a wood
·Direct

Priam bids Helen sit before him, absolves her of blame for the war, and asks her to identify the distant great and goodly hero.

See evidence text
But Priam bade her draw nigh. ‘My child,’ said he, ‘take your seat in front of me that you may see your former husband, your kinsmen and your friends. I lay no blame upon you, it is the gods, not you who are to blame. It is they that have brought about this terrible war with the Achaeans. Tell me, then, who is yonder huge hero so great and goodly?
·Direct

Priam marvels at Agamemnon’s good fortune and numerous Achaean followers, then recalls being allied in Phrygia with the horsemen of Otreus and Mygdon when the Amazons came against them.

See evidence text
The old man marvelled at him and said, ‘Happy son of Atreus, child of good fortune. I see that the Achaeans are subject to you in great multitudes. When I was in Phrygia I saw much horsemen, the people of Otreus and of Mygdon, who were camping upon the banks of the river Sangarius; I was their ally, and with them when the Amazons, peers of men, came up against them, but even they were not so many as the Achaeans
·Direct

Priam trembles at the summons, orders the horses yoked, drives with reins in hand, and advances with measured pace between the two armies.

See evidence text
The old man trembled as he heard, but bade his followers yoke the horses, and they made all haste to do so. He mounted the chariot, gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor took his seat beside him; they then drove through the Scaean gates on to the plain. When they reached the ranks of the Trojans and Achaeans they left the chariot, and with measured pace advanced into the space between the hosts
·Direct

Priam says he will return to wind-beaten Ilius because he dares not witness his son fight Menelaus; he says only Jove and the other immortals know which fighter will fall.

See evidence text
Then Priam, descendant of Dardanus, spoke, saying, ‘Hear me, Trojans and Achaeans, I will now go back to the wind-beaten city of Ilius: I dare not with my own eyes witness this fight between my son and Menelaus, for Jove and the other immortals alone know which shall fall
·Direct

Priam directs the Trojans to eat, keep vigilant watches, and send Idaeus at dawn with Alexandrus’s terms and a request to stop fighting until the dead are burned.

See evidence text
Get your suppers now as hitherto throughout the city, but keep your watches and be wakeful. At daybreak let Idaeus go to the ships, and tell Agamemnon and Menelaus sons of Atreus the saying of Alexandrus through whom this quarrel has come about; and let him also be instant with them that they now cease fighting till we burn our dead
·Reported

Idaeus reports Priam’s request to halt fighting for the burning of the dead, then renew combat until heaven decides victory.

See evidence text
Priam bade me inquire further if you will cease fighting till we burn our dead; hereafter we will fight anew, till heaven decide between us and give victory to one or to the other
·Direct

Priam forbids the Trojans to wail aloud over their dead.

See evidence text
Priam had forbidden the Trojans to wail aloud
·Direct

Priam houses Imbrius nearby and honours him like his own sons.

See evidence text
dwelling near Priam himself, who gave him like honour with his own sons.
·Direct

Priam consents to Othryoneus’s proposed marriage to Cassandra, motivating the suitor’s fighting.

See evidence text
old King Priam had given his consent and promised her to him, whereon he fought on the strength of the promises thus made to him.
·Direct

Old Priam watches from a high wall-tower, descends groaning, and goes along the wall to issue orders.

See evidence text
Old King Priam stood on a high tower of the wall looking down on huge Achilles as the Trojans fled panic-stricken before him, and there was none to help them. Presently he came down from off the tower and with many a groan went along the wall to give orders
·Direct

Priam cries out, beats his head, lifts and reaches out his arms, and implores Hector to enter the walls.

See evidence text
Priam raised a cry and beat his head with his hands as he lifted them up and shouted out to his dear son, imploring him to return; but Hector still stayed before the gates, for his heart was set upon doing battle with Achilles. The old man reached out his arms towards him and bade him for pity’s sake come within the walls
·Direct

Priam tears his grey hair while his plea fails to move Hector.

See evidence text
The old man tore his grey hair as he spoke, but he moved not the heart of Hector
·Direct

Priam moans, struggles to rush outside the gates, grovels in the mire, and begs the people to let him go alone to the Achaean ships and beseech the cruel man.

See evidence text
His father made piteous moan, and throughout the city the people fell to weeping and wailing. It was as though the whole of frowning Ilius was being smirched with fire. Hardly could the people hold Priam back in his hot haste to rush without the gates of the city. He grovelled in the mire and besought them, calling each one of them by his name. ‘Let be, my friends,’ he cried, ‘and for all your sorrow, suffer me to go single-handed to the ships of the Achaeans. Let me beseech this cruel and terrible man
·Reported

Jove orders Priam to travel with gifts and one servant to recover his son.

See evidence text
tell King Priam in Ilius, that he is to go to the ships of the Achaeans and free the body of his dear son. He is to take such gifts with him as shall give satisfaction to Achilles, and he is to go alone, with no other Trojan, save only some honoured servant who may drive his mules and waggon, and bring back the body
·Direct

Priam sits amid weeping sons with mantle wrapped close and head and neck filthy from grovelling in mire.

See evidence text
His sons were seated round their father in the outer courtyard, and their raiment was wet with tears: the old man sat in the midst of them with his mantle wrapped close about his body, and his head and neck all covered with the filth which he had clutched as he lay grovelling in the mire.
·Reported

Hecuba says Priam must have iron courage to venture alone to the Achaean ships.

See evidence text
How can you venture alone to the ships of the Achaeans, and look into the face of him who has slain so many of your brave sons? You must have iron courage
·Direct

Priam insists he saw and heard the goddess and accepts possible death if he can first embrace and mourn his son.

See evidence text
now I have heard the goddess and seen her face to face, therefore I will go and her saying shall not be in vain. If it be my fate to die at the ships of the Achaeans even so would I have it; let Achilles slay me, if I may but first have taken my son in my arms and mourned him to my heart’s comforting.
·Direct

Priam assembles twelve vestments, twelve each of cloaks, rugs, mantles, and shirts, ten talents of gold, two burnished tripods, four cauldrons, and his precious Thracian cup, grudging none of it in eagerness to ransom his son’s body.

See evidence text
So saying he lifted the lids of his chests, and took out twelve goodly vestments. He took also twelve cloaks of single fold, twelve rugs, twelve fair mantles, and an equal number of shirts. He weighed out ten talents of gold, and brought moreover two burnished tripods, four cauldrons, and a very beautiful cup which the Thracians had given him when he had gone to them on an embassy; it was very precious, but he grudged not even this, so eager was he to ransom the body of his son.

Additional evidence

Evidence records not already represented by a claim.

16
·Hypothetical
the city of Priam
·Direct
Priam
·Direct
Priam’s daughters
·Direct
Hector son of Priam
·Direct
two sons of Priam
·Direct
old King Priam
·Direct
Hector son of Priam
·Hypothetical
the city of Priam
·Remembered
Hector son of Priam slew
·Direct
Lycaon son of Priam
·Direct
Old King Priam stood on a high tower of the wall looking down on huge Achilles
·Direct
King Priam was first to note him as he scoured the plain
·Remembered
my father and mother went down on their knees and implored me
·Direct
Priam son of Dardanus
·Direct
Hector son of Priam
·Direct
Priam offspring of Dardanus

Passage preview

Book 1 · Passage 3

‘Sons of Atreus,’ he cried, ‘and all other Achaeans, may the gods who dwell in Olympus grant you to sack the city of Priam, and to reach your homes in safety; but free my daughter, and accept a ransom for her, in reverence to Apollo, son of Jove.’